得獎者 | 獎項 | 年度 | 得獎原因 |
Axel, Richard | 醫學 | 2004 | for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system |
Buck, Linda B. | |||
Knowles, William | 化學 | 2001 | for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions |
Stiglitz, Joseph | 經濟 | 2001 | for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information. |
Heckman, James | 經濟 | 2000 | for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples |
Kandel, Eric | 醫學 | 2000 | for describing how short-term and long-term memory is formed on the molecular level |
Mundell, Robert | 經濟 | 1999 | for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas |
Ignarro, Louis J. | 醫學 | 1998 | for discovery of the signalling properties of nitric oxide |
Stormer, Horst L. | 物理 | 1998 | for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations |
Merton, Robert C | 經濟 | 1997 | for a new method to determine the value of derivatives |
Vickrey, William S. | 經濟 | 1996 | for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information |
Perl, Martin L. | 物理 | 1995 | or the discovery of the tau lepton |
Fogel, Robert W. | 經濟 | 1993 | for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change |
Becker, Gary S | 經濟 | 1992 | for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour |
Walcott, Derek | 文學 | 1992 | for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment. |
Gordimer, Nadine | 文學 | 1991 | who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity |
Thomas, E. Donnall | 醫學 | 1990 | for work on organ and cell transplantation |
Ramsey, Norman F | 物理 | 1989 | for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks |
Varmus, Harold E. | 醫學 | 1989 | for discovering the cellular origins of retroviral oncogenes |
Lederman, Leon M | 物理 | 1988 | for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino |
Schwartz, Melvin | |||
Steinberger, Jack | |||
Brodsky, Joseph | 文學 | 1987 | for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity |
Solow, Robert | 經濟 | 1987 | for his contributions to the theory of economic growth |
得獎者 | 獎項 | 年度 | 得獎原因 |
Andrew Z. Fire | 醫學 | 2006 | for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA |
Robert Aumann | 經濟 | 2005 | for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis |
Leland H. Hartwell | 醫學 | 2001 | for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle |
Eric Cornel | 物理 | 2001 | for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates |
Carl E. Wieman | |||
George Akerlof | 經濟 | 2001 | for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information |
Joseph Stiglitz | |||
Kofi Annan | 和平 | 2001 | for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world |
H. Robert Horvitz | 醫學 | 2002 | for their discoveries concerning 『genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death |
Robert Mundell | 經濟 | 1999 | for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas |
Robert B. Laughlin | 物理 | 1998 | for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations |
Robert C. Merton | 經濟 | 1997 | for a new method to determine the value of derivatives |
William D. Phillips | 物理 | 1997 | for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light |
Elias James Corey | 化學 | 1990 | for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis |
Henry W. Kendall | 物理 | 1990 | for their investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons |
Sid Altman | 化學 | 1989 | for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA |
得獎者 | 獎項 | 年度 | 得獎原因 |
Richard R. Schrock | 化學 | 2005 | For the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis |
John Sulston | 醫學 | 2002 | For discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death |
Sydney Brenne | 醫學 | 2002 | |
Tim Hunt | 醫學 | 2001 | For discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle |
Joseph Stiglitz | 經濟 | 2001 | For analyses of markets with asymmetric information |
Alan McDiarmid | 化學 | 2000 | For the discovery and development of conductive polymers |
Paul Greengard | 醫學 | 2000 | For discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system |
Amartya Sen | 經濟 | 1998 | For his contributions to welfare economics |
John Pople | 化學 | 1998 | For the development of computational methods in quantum chemistry |
John Walker | 化學 | 1997 | For studying how a spinning enzyme creates the molecule that powers cells in muscles |
James Mirrlee | 經濟 | 1996 | For studying behaviour in the absence of complete information |
Norman Ramsey | 物理 | 1989 | Research on separate oscillatory fields to make precise measurements |
得獎者 | 獎項 | 年度 | 得獎原因 |
Roy J. Glauber | 物理 | 2005 | For his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence |
Thomas C. Schelling | 經濟 | 2005 | For having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis |
Linda B. Buck | 醫學 | 2004 | For discoveries of 「odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system」 |
Riccardo Giacconi | 物理 | 2002 | For pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources |
A. Michael Spence | 經濟 | 2001 | For analyses of markets with asymmetric information |
Amartya Sen | 經濟 | 1998 | Research on welfare economics |
Robert C. Merton | 經濟 | 1997 | For a new method to determine the value of derivatives |
Seamus Heaney | 文學 | 1995 | For poetic works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past |
Joseph E. Murray | 醫學 | 1990 | Developed new procedures for organ transplants |
Elias J. Corey | 化學 | 1990 | Devised rules that allow scientists to make complex new molecules from ordinary chemicals |
Norman Ramsey | 物理 | 1989 | Research on separate oscillatory fields to make precise measurements |
得獎者 | 獎項 | 年度 | 得獎原因 |
George F. Smoot | 物理 | 2006 | for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation |
George A. Akerlof | 經濟 | 2001 | for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information |
Daniel L. McFadden | 經濟 | 2000 | for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice |
Steven Chu | 物理 | 1997 | for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light |
John C. Harsanyi | 經濟 | 1994 | for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games |
得獎者 | 獎項 | 年度 | 得獎原因 |
Michael Spence | 經濟 | 2001 | work on the dynamics of information flows and market development |
V S Naipaul | 文學 | 2001 | for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories. |
Aung San Suu Kyi | 和平 | 1991 | for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights |